diff --git a/API.md b/API.md
index ab7a9b4..38aea69 100644
--- a/API.md
+++ b/API.md
@@ -1391,7 +1391,8 @@ A single user.
 - `<name>`: the user name.
 - `<email>`: the user email. It is available only if the request is
   authenticated by the same user, or the authenticated user can change the
-  email.
+  email. If it's unavailable, the server returns `false`. If the user hasn't
+  specified an email, the server returns `null`.
 - `<rank>`: the user rank, which effectively affects their privileges.
 
     Possible values:
@@ -1444,7 +1445,12 @@ experience.
     "name":  <name>,
     "color": <color>,
     "usages": <usages>
-    "default": <is-default>
+    "default": <is-default>,
+    "snapshots": [
+        <snapshot>,
+        <snapshot>,
+        <snapshot>
+    ]
 }
 ```
 
@@ -1454,6 +1460,8 @@ experience.
 - `<color>`: the category color.
 - `<usages>`: how many tags is the given category used with.
 - `<is-default>`: whether the tag category is the default one.
+- `<snapshot>`: a [snapshot resource](#snapshot) that contains the tag
+  category's earlier versions.
 
 ## Detailed tag category
 **Description**
@@ -1465,19 +1473,12 @@ A tag category with extra information.
 ```json5
 {
     "tagCategory": <tag-category>,
-    "snapshots": [
-        <snapshot>,
-        <snapshot>,
-        <snapshot>
-    ]
 }
 ```
 
 **Field meaning**
 
 - `<tag-category>`: a [tag category resource](#tag-category)
-- `<snapshot>`: a [snapshot resource](#snapshot) that contains the tag
-  category's earlier versions.
 
 ## Tag
 **Description**
@@ -1494,7 +1495,12 @@ A single tag. Tags are used to let users search for posts.
     "suggestions":  <suggestions>,
     "creationTime": <creation-time>,
     "lastEditTime": <last-edit-time>,
-    "usages":       <usage-count>
+    "usages":       <usage-count>,
+    "snapshots": [
+        <snapshot>,
+        <snapshot>,
+        <snapshot>
+    ]
 }
 ```
 
@@ -1510,6 +1516,8 @@ A single tag. Tags are used to let users search for posts.
 - `<creation-time>`: time the tag was created, formatted as per RFC 3339.
 - `<last-edit-time>`: time the tag was edited, formatted as per RFC 3339.
 - `<usage-count>`: the number of posts the tag was used in.
+- `<snapshot>`: a [snapshot resource](#snapshot) that contains the tag's
+  earlier versions.
 
 ## Detailed tag
 **Description**
@@ -1521,18 +1529,11 @@ A tag with extra information.
 ```json5
 {
     "tag": <tag>,
-    "snapshots": [
-        <snapshot>,
-        <snapshot>,
-        <snapshot>
-    ]
 }
 ```
 
 **Field meaning**
 - `<tag>`: a [tag resource](#tag)
-- `<snapshot>`: a [snapshot resource](#snapshot) that contains the tag's
-  earlier versions.
 
 ## Post
 **Description**
@@ -1566,6 +1567,16 @@ One file together with its metadata posted to the site.
     "favoritedBy":        <favorited-by>,
     "hasCustomThumbnail": <has-custom-thumbnail>,
     "mimeType":           <mime-type>
+    "snapshots": [
+        <snapshot>,
+        <snapshot>,
+        <snapshot>
+    ],
+    "comments": {
+        <comment>,
+        <comment>,
+        <comment>
+    }
 }
 ```
 
@@ -1617,6 +1628,9 @@ One file together with its metadata posted to the site.
 - `<has-custom-thumbnail>`: whether the post uses custom thumbnail.
 - `<mime-type>`: subsidiary to `<type>`, used to tell exact content format;
   useful for `<video>` tags for instance.
+- `<snapshot>`: a [snapshot resource](#snapshot) that contains the post's
+  earlier versions.
+- `<comment>`: a [comment resource](#comment) for given post.
 
 ## Detailed post
 **Description**
@@ -1628,24 +1642,11 @@ A post with extra information.
 ```json5
 {
     "post": <post>,
-    "snapshots": [
-        <snapshot>,
-        <snapshot>,
-        <snapshot>
-    ],
-    "comments": {
-        <comment>,
-        <comment>,
-        <comment>
-    }
 }
 ```
 
 **Field meaning**
 - `<post>`: a [post resource](#post).
-- `<snapshot>`: a [snapshot resource](#snapshot) that contains the post's
-  earlier versions.
-- `<comment>`: a [comment resource](#comment) for given post.
 
 ## Note
 **Description**
@@ -1678,7 +1679,7 @@ A comment under a post.
 ```json5
 {
     "id":           <id>,
-    "post":         <post>,
+    "postId":       <post-id>,
     "user":         <author>
     "text":         <text>,
     "creationTime": <creation-time>,
@@ -1690,9 +1691,9 @@ A comment under a post.
 
 **Field meaning**
 - `<id>`: the comment identifier.
-- `<post>`: a post resource the post is linked with.
+- `<post-id>`: an id of the post the comment is for.
 - `<text>`: the comment content. The client should render is as Markdown.
-- `<author>`: a user resource the post is created by.
+- `<author>`: a user resource the comment is created by.
 - `<creation-time>`: time the comment was created, formatted as per RFC 3339.
 - `<last-edit-time>`: time the comment was edited, formatted as per RFC 3339.
 - `<score>`: the collective score (+1/-1 rating) of the given comment.
diff --git a/server/szurubooru/api/comment_api.py b/server/szurubooru/api/comment_api.py
index 1b5c413..b0e0074 100644
--- a/server/szurubooru/api/comment_api.py
+++ b/server/szurubooru/api/comment_api.py
@@ -23,13 +23,13 @@ class CommentListApi(BaseApi):
         comment = comments.create_comment(ctx.user, post, text)
         ctx.session.add(comment)
         ctx.session.commit()
-        return comments.serialize_comment_with_details(comment, ctx.user)
+        return {'comment': comments.serialize_comment(comment, ctx.user)}
 
 class CommentDetailApi(BaseApi):
     def get(self, ctx, comment_id):
         auth.verify_privilege(ctx.user, 'comments:view')
         comment = comments.get_comment_by_id(comment_id)
-        return comments.serialize_comment_with_details(comment, ctx.user)
+        return {'comment': comments.serialize_comment(comment, ctx.user)}
 
     def put(self, ctx, comment_id):
         comment = comments.get_comment_by_id(comment_id)
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ class CommentDetailApi(BaseApi):
         comment.last_edit_time = datetime.datetime.now()
         comments.update_comment_text(comment, text)
         ctx.session.commit()
-        return comments.serialize_comment_with_details(comment, ctx.user)
+        return {'comment': comments.serialize_comment(comment, ctx.user)}
 
     def delete(self, ctx, comment_id):
         comment = comments.get_comment_by_id(comment_id)
@@ -56,11 +56,11 @@ class CommentScoreApi(BaseApi):
         comment = comments.get_comment_by_id(comment_id)
         scores.set_score(comment, ctx.user, score)
         ctx.session.commit()
-        return comments.serialize_comment_with_details(comment, ctx.user)
+        return {'comment': comments.serialize_comment(comment, ctx.user)}
 
     def delete(self, ctx, comment_id):
         auth.verify_privilege(ctx.user, 'comments:score')
         comment = comments.get_comment_by_id(comment_id)
         scores.delete_score(comment, ctx.user)
         ctx.session.commit()
-        return comments.serialize_comment_with_details(comment, ctx.user)
+        return {'comment': comments.serialize_comment(comment, ctx.user)}
diff --git a/server/szurubooru/api/post_api.py b/server/szurubooru/api/post_api.py
index e848555..b7bdafe 100644
--- a/server/szurubooru/api/post_api.py
+++ b/server/szurubooru/api/post_api.py
@@ -38,13 +38,13 @@ class PostListApi(BaseApi):
         snapshots.save_entity_creation(post, ctx.user)
         ctx.session.commit()
         tags.export_to_json()
-        return posts.serialize_post_with_details(post, ctx.user)
+        return {'post': posts.serialize_post(post, ctx.user)}
 
 class PostDetailApi(BaseApi):
     def get(self, ctx, post_id):
         auth.verify_privilege(ctx.user, 'posts:view')
         post = posts.get_post_by_id(post_id)
-        return posts.serialize_post_with_details(post, ctx.user)
+        return {'post': posts.serialize_post(post, ctx.user)}
 
     def put(self, ctx, post_id):
         post = posts.get_post_by_id(post_id)
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ class PostDetailApi(BaseApi):
         snapshots.save_entity_modification(post, ctx.user)
         ctx.session.commit()
         tags.export_to_json()
-        return posts.serialize_post_with_details(post, ctx.user)
+        return {'post': posts.serialize_post(post, ctx.user)}
 
     def delete(self, ctx, post_id):
         auth.verify_privilege(ctx.user, 'posts:delete')
@@ -104,11 +104,11 @@ class PostFeatureApi(BaseApi):
             snapshots.save_entity_modification(featured_post, ctx.user)
         snapshots.save_entity_modification(post, ctx.user)
         ctx.session.commit()
-        return posts.serialize_post_with_details(post, ctx.user)
+        return {'post': posts.serialize_post(post, ctx.user)}
 
     def get(self, ctx):
         post = posts.try_get_featured_post()
-        return posts.serialize_post_with_details(post, ctx.user)
+        return {'post': posts.serialize_post(post, ctx.user)}
 
 class PostScoreApi(BaseApi):
     def put(self, ctx, post_id):
@@ -117,14 +117,14 @@ class PostScoreApi(BaseApi):
         score = ctx.get_param_as_int('score', required=True)
         scores.set_score(post, ctx.user, score)
         ctx.session.commit()
-        return posts.serialize_post_with_details(post, ctx.user)
+        return {'post': posts.serialize_post(post, ctx.user)}
 
     def delete(self, ctx, post_id):
         auth.verify_privilege(ctx.user, 'posts:score')
         post = posts.get_post_by_id(post_id)
         scores.delete_score(post, ctx.user)
         ctx.session.commit()
-        return posts.serialize_post_with_details(post, ctx.user)
+        return {'post': posts.serialize_post(post, ctx.user)}
 
 class PostFavoriteApi(BaseApi):
     def post(self, ctx, post_id):
@@ -132,11 +132,11 @@ class PostFavoriteApi(BaseApi):
         post = posts.get_post_by_id(post_id)
         favorites.set_favorite(post, ctx.user)
         ctx.session.commit()
-        return posts.serialize_post_with_details(post, ctx.user)
+        return {'post': posts.serialize_post(post, ctx.user)}
 
     def delete(self, ctx, post_id):
         auth.verify_privilege(ctx.user, 'posts:favorite')
         post = posts.get_post_by_id(post_id)
         favorites.unset_favorite(post, ctx.user)
         ctx.session.commit()
-        return posts.serialize_post_with_details(post, ctx.user)
+        return {'post': posts.serialize_post(post, ctx.user)}
diff --git a/server/szurubooru/api/tag_api.py b/server/szurubooru/api/tag_api.py
index cc1c47c..6dc7946 100644
--- a/server/szurubooru/api/tag_api.py
+++ b/server/szurubooru/api/tag_api.py
@@ -41,13 +41,13 @@ class TagListApi(BaseApi):
         snapshots.save_entity_creation(tag, ctx.user)
         ctx.session.commit()
         tags.export_to_json()
-        return tags.serialize_tag_with_details(tag)
+        return {'tag': tags.serialize_tag(tag)}
 
 class TagDetailApi(BaseApi):
     def get(self, ctx, tag_name):
         auth.verify_privilege(ctx.user, 'tags:view')
         tag = tags.get_tag_by_name(tag_name)
-        return tags.serialize_tag_with_details(tag)
+        return {'tag': tags.serialize_tag(tag)}
 
     def put(self, ctx, tag_name):
         tag = tags.get_tag_by_name(tag_name)
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ class TagDetailApi(BaseApi):
         snapshots.save_entity_modification(tag, ctx.user)
         ctx.session.commit()
         tags.export_to_json()
-        return tags.serialize_tag_with_details(tag)
+        return {'tag': tags.serialize_tag(tag)}
 
     def delete(self, ctx, tag_name):
         tag = tags.get_tag_by_name(tag_name)
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ class TagMergeApi(BaseApi):
         tags.merge_tags(source_tag, target_tag)
         ctx.session.commit()
         tags.export_to_json()
-        return tags.serialize_tag_with_details(target_tag)
+        return {'tag': tags.serialize_tag(target_tag)}
 
 class TagSiblingsApi(BaseApi):
     def get(self, ctx, tag_name):
diff --git a/server/szurubooru/api/tag_category_api.py b/server/szurubooru/api/tag_category_api.py
index ba1d786..2da8343 100644
--- a/server/szurubooru/api/tag_category_api.py
+++ b/server/szurubooru/api/tag_category_api.py
@@ -21,13 +21,13 @@ class TagCategoryListApi(BaseApi):
         snapshots.save_entity_creation(category, ctx.user)
         ctx.session.commit()
         tags.export_to_json()
-        return tag_categories.serialize_category_with_details(category)
+        return {'tagCategory': tag_categories.serialize_category(category)}
 
 class TagCategoryDetailApi(BaseApi):
     def get(self, ctx, category_name):
         auth.verify_privilege(ctx.user, 'tag_categories:view')
         category = tag_categories.get_category_by_name(category_name)
-        return tag_categories.serialize_category_with_details(category)
+        return {'tagCategory': tag_categories.serialize_category(category)}
 
     def put(self, ctx, category_name):
         category = tag_categories.get_category_by_name(category_name)
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ class TagCategoryDetailApi(BaseApi):
         snapshots.save_entity_modification(category, ctx.user)
         ctx.session.commit()
         tags.export_to_json()
-        return tag_categories.serialize_category_with_details(category)
+        return {'tagCategory': tag_categories.serialize_category(category)}
 
     def delete(self, ctx, category_name):
         category = tag_categories.get_category_by_name(category_name)
@@ -69,4 +69,4 @@ class DefaultTagCategoryApi(BaseApi):
         snapshots.save_entity_modification(category, ctx.user)
         ctx.session.commit()
         tags.export_to_json()
-        return tag_categories.serialize_category_with_details(category)
+        return {'tagCategory': tag_categories.serialize_category(category)}
diff --git a/server/szurubooru/api/user_api.py b/server/szurubooru/api/user_api.py
index 1170bd8..9870b4f 100644
--- a/server/szurubooru/api/user_api.py
+++ b/server/szurubooru/api/user_api.py
@@ -28,14 +28,14 @@ class UserListApi(BaseApi):
                 ctx.get_file('avatar'))
         ctx.session.add(user)
         ctx.session.commit()
-        return users.serialize_user_with_details(
-            user, ctx.user, force_show_email=True)
+        return {'user': users.serialize_user(
+            user, ctx.user, force_show_email=True)}
 
 class UserDetailApi(BaseApi):
     def get(self, ctx, user_name):
         auth.verify_privilege(ctx.user, 'users:view')
         user = users.get_user_by_name(user_name)
-        return users.serialize_user_with_details(user, ctx.user)
+        return {'user': users.serialize_user(user, ctx.user)}
 
     def put(self, ctx, user_name):
         user = users.get_user_by_name(user_name)
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ class UserDetailApi(BaseApi):
                 ctx.get_param_as_string('avatarStyle'),
                 ctx.get_file('avatar'))
         ctx.session.commit()
-        return users.serialize_user_with_details(user, ctx.user)
+        return {'user': users.serialize_user(user, ctx.user)}
 
     def delete(self, ctx, user_name):
         user = users.get_user_by_name(user_name)
diff --git a/server/szurubooru/func/comments.py b/server/szurubooru/func/comments.py
index 2ebb30e..8ea06e3 100644
--- a/server/szurubooru/func/comments.py
+++ b/server/szurubooru/func/comments.py
@@ -1,25 +1,22 @@
 import datetime
 from szurubooru import db, errors
-from szurubooru.func import users, posts, scores
+from szurubooru.func import users, scores, util
 
 class CommentNotFoundError(errors.NotFoundError): pass
 class EmptyCommentTextError(errors.ValidationError): pass
 
 def serialize_comment(comment, authenticated_user):
-    ret = {
-        'id': comment.comment_id,
-        'user': users.serialize_user(comment.user, authenticated_user),
-        'post': posts.serialize_post(comment.post, authenticated_user),
-        'text': comment.text,
-        'creationTime': comment.creation_time,
-        'lastEditTime': comment.last_edit_time,
-    }
-    if authenticated_user:
-        ret['ownScore'] = scores.get_score(comment, authenticated_user)
-    return ret
-
-def serialize_comment_with_details(comment, authenticated_user):
-    return {'comment': serialize_comment(comment, authenticated_user)}
+    return util.serialize_entity(
+        comment,
+        {
+            'id': lambda: comment.comment_id,
+            'user': lambda: users.serialize_user(comment.user, authenticated_user),
+            'postId': lambda: comment.post.post_id,
+            'text': lambda: comment.text,
+            'creationTime': lambda: comment.creation_time,
+            'lastEditTime': lambda: comment.last_edit_time,
+            'ownScore': lambda: scores.get_score(comment, authenticated_user),
+        })
 
 def try_get_comment_by_id(comment_id):
     return db.session \
diff --git a/server/szurubooru/func/posts.py b/server/szurubooru/func/posts.py
index 81b68b4..08859b8 100644
--- a/server/szurubooru/func/posts.py
+++ b/server/szurubooru/func/posts.py
@@ -62,54 +62,43 @@ def serialize_note(note):
     }
 
 def serialize_post(post, authenticated_user):
-    if not post:
-        return None
-
-    ret = {
-        'id': post.post_id,
-        'creationTime': post.creation_time,
-        'lastEditTime': post.last_edit_time,
-        'safety': SAFETY_MAP[post.safety],
-        'source': post.source,
-        'type': TYPE_MAP[post.type],
-        'checksum': post.checksum,
-        'fileSize': post.file_size,
-        'canvasWidth': post.canvas_width,
-        'canvasHeight': post.canvas_height,
-        'contentUrl': get_post_content_url(post),
-        'thumbnailUrl': get_post_thumbnail_url(post),
-        'flags': post.flags,
-        'tags': [tag.names[0].name for tag in post.tags],
-        'relations': [rel.post_id for rel in post.relations],
-        'notes': sorted(
-           [ serialize_note(note) for note in post.notes],
-            key=lambda x: x['polygon']),
-        'user': users.serialize_user(post.user, authenticated_user),
-        'score': post.score,
-        'featureCount': post.feature_count,
-        'lastFeatureTime': post.last_feature_time,
-        'favoritedBy': [users.serialize_user(rel.user, authenticated_user) \
-            for rel in post.favorited_by],
-        'hasCustomThumbnail': files.has(get_post_thumbnail_backup_path(post)),
-        'mimeType': post.mime_type,
-    }
-
-    if authenticated_user:
-        ret['ownScore'] = scores.get_score(post, authenticated_user)
-
-    return ret
-
-def serialize_post_with_details(post, authenticated_user):
-    comment_list = []
-    if post:
-        for comment in post.comments:
-            comment_list.append(
-                comments.serialize_comment(comment, authenticated_user))
-    return {
-        'post': serialize_post(post, authenticated_user),
-        'snapshots': snapshots.get_serialized_history(post),
-        'comments': comment_list,
-    }
+    return util.serialize_entity(
+        post,
+        {
+            'id': lambda: post.post_id,
+            'creationTime': lambda: post.creation_time,
+            'lastEditTime': lambda: post.last_edit_time,
+            'safety': lambda: SAFETY_MAP[post.safety],
+            'source': lambda: post.source,
+            'type': lambda: TYPE_MAP[post.type],
+            'mimeType': lambda: post.mime_type,
+            'checksum': lambda: post.checksum,
+            'fileSize': lambda: post.file_size,
+            'canvasWidth': lambda: post.canvas_width,
+            'canvasHeight': lambda: post.canvas_height,
+            'contentUrl': lambda: get_post_content_url(post),
+            'thumbnailUrl': lambda: get_post_thumbnail_url(post),
+            'flags': lambda: post.flags,
+            'tags': lambda: [tag.names[0].name for tag in post.tags],
+            'relations': lambda: [rel.post_id for rel in post.relations],
+            'user': lambda: users.serialize_user(post.user, authenticated_user),
+            'score': lambda: post.score,
+            'ownScore': lambda: scores.get_score(post, authenticated_user),
+            'featureCount': lambda: post.feature_count,
+            'lastFeatureTime': lambda: post.last_feature_time,
+            'favoritedBy': lambda: [
+                users.serialize_user(rel.user, authenticated_user) \
+                    for rel in post.favorited_by],
+            'hasCustomThumbnail':
+                lambda: files.has(get_post_thumbnail_backup_path(post)),
+            'notes': lambda: sorted(
+                [serialize_note(note) for note in post.notes],
+                key=lambda x: x['polygon']),
+            'comments': lambda: [
+                comments.serialize_comment(comment, authenticated_user) \
+                    for comment in post.comments],
+            'snapshots': lambda: snapshots.get_serialized_history(post),
+        })
 
 def get_post_count():
     return db.session.query(sqlalchemy.func.count(db.Post.post_id)).one()[0]
diff --git a/server/szurubooru/func/tag_categories.py b/server/szurubooru/func/tag_categories.py
index 6bd7601..6d3f8f7 100644
--- a/server/szurubooru/func/tag_categories.py
+++ b/server/szurubooru/func/tag_categories.py
@@ -15,18 +15,15 @@ def _verify_name_validity(name):
             'Name must satisfy regex %r.' % name_regex)
 
 def serialize_category(category):
-    return {
-        'name': category.name,
-        'color': category.color,
-        'usages': category.tag_count,
-        'default': category.default,
-    }
-
-def serialize_category_with_details(category):
-    return {
-        'tagCategory': serialize_category(category),
-        'snapshots': snapshots.get_serialized_history(category),
-    }
+    return util.serialize_entity(
+        category,
+        {
+            'name': lambda: category.name,
+            'color': lambda: category.color,
+            'usages': lambda: category.tag_count,
+            'default': lambda: category.default,
+            'snapshots': lambda: snapshots.get_serialized_history(category),
+        })
 
 def create_category(name, color):
     category = db.TagCategory()
diff --git a/server/szurubooru/func/tags.py b/server/szurubooru/func/tags.py
index 3b3cd7b..9f07cdd 100644
--- a/server/szurubooru/func/tags.py
+++ b/server/szurubooru/func/tags.py
@@ -37,23 +37,20 @@ def _get_default_category_name():
         return DEFAULT_CATEGORY_NAME
 
 def serialize_tag(tag):
-    return {
-        'names': [tag_name.name for tag_name in tag.names],
-        'category': tag.category.name,
-        'suggestions': [
-            relation.names[0].name for relation in tag.suggestions],
-        'implications': [
-            relation.names[0].name for relation in tag.implications],
-        'creationTime': tag.creation_time,
-        'lastEditTime': tag.last_edit_time,
-        'usages': tag.post_count,
-    }
-
-def serialize_tag_with_details(tag):
-    return {
-        'tag': serialize_tag(tag),
-        'snapshots': snapshots.get_serialized_history(tag),
-    }
+    return util.serialize_entity(
+        tag,
+        {
+            'names': lambda: [tag_name.name for tag_name in tag.names],
+            'category': lambda: tag.category.name,
+            'creationTime': lambda: tag.creation_time,
+            'lastEditTime': lambda: tag.last_edit_time,
+            'usages': lambda: tag.post_count,
+            'suggestions': lambda: [
+                relation.names[0].name for relation in tag.suggestions],
+            'implications': lambda: [
+                relation.names[0].name for relation in tag.implications],
+            'snapshots': lambda: snapshots.get_serialized_history(tag),
+        })
 
 def export_to_json():
     output = {
diff --git a/server/szurubooru/func/users.py b/server/szurubooru/func/users.py
index 3c39fb5..128e626 100644
--- a/server/szurubooru/func/users.py
+++ b/server/szurubooru/func/users.py
@@ -12,36 +12,34 @@ class InvalidPasswordError(errors.ValidationError): pass
 class InvalidRankError(errors.ValidationError): pass
 class InvalidAvatarError(errors.ValidationError): pass
 
-def serialize_user(user, authenticated_user, force_show_email=False):
-    if not user:
-        return {}
-
-    ret = {
-        'name': user.name,
-        'rank': user.rank,
-        'creationTime': user.creation_time,
-        'lastLoginTime': user.last_login_time,
-        'avatarStyle': user.avatar_style,
-        'email': user.email,
-    }
-
+def _get_avatar_url(user):
     if user.avatar_style == user.AVATAR_GRAVATAR:
-        ret['avatarUrl'] = 'http://gravatar.com/avatar/%s?d=retro&s=%d' % (
+        return 'http://gravatar.com/avatar/%s?d=retro&s=%d' % (
             util.get_md5((user.email or user.name).lower()),
             config.config['thumbnails']['avatar_width'])
     else:
-        ret['avatarUrl'] = '%s/avatars/%s.png' % (
+        return '%s/avatars/%s.png' % (
             config.config['data_url'].rstrip('/'), user.name.lower())
 
-    if authenticated_user.user_id != user.user_id \
-        and not force_show_email \
-        and not auth.has_privilege(authenticated_user, 'users:edit:any:email'):
-        del ret['email']
+def _get_email(user, authenticated_user, force_show_email):
+    if not force_show_email \
+            and authenticated_user.user_id != user.user_id \
+            and not auth.has_privilege(authenticated_user, 'users:edit:any:email'):
+        return False
+    return user.email
 
-    return ret
-
-def serialize_user_with_details(user, authenticated_user, **kwargs):
-    return {'user': serialize_user(user, authenticated_user, **kwargs)}
+def serialize_user(user, authenticated_user, force_show_email=False):
+    return util.serialize_entity(
+        user,
+        {
+            'name': lambda: user.name,
+            'rank': lambda: user.rank,
+            'creationTime': lambda: user.creation_time,
+            'lastLoginTime': lambda: user.last_login_time,
+            'avatarStyle': lambda: user.avatar_style,
+            'avatarUrl': lambda: _get_avatar_url(user),
+            'email': lambda: _get_email(user, authenticated_user, force_show_email),
+        })
 
 def get_user_count():
     return db.session.query(db.User).count()
diff --git a/server/szurubooru/func/util.py b/server/szurubooru/func/util.py
index cdb9f81..3a4208a 100644
--- a/server/szurubooru/func/util.py
+++ b/server/szurubooru/func/util.py
@@ -6,6 +6,14 @@ import tempfile
 from contextlib import contextmanager
 from szurubooru.errors import ValidationError
 
+def serialize_entity(entity, field_factories):
+    if not entity:
+        return None
+    ret = {}
+    for key, factory in field_factories.items():
+        ret[key] = factory()
+    return ret
+
 @contextmanager
 def create_temp_file(**kwargs):
     (handle, path) = tempfile.mkstemp(**kwargs)
diff --git a/server/szurubooru/tests/api/test_comment_creating.py b/server/szurubooru/tests/api/test_comment_creating.py
index 1618014..2a14835 100644
--- a/server/szurubooru/tests/api/test_comment_creating.py
+++ b/server/szurubooru/tests/api/test_comment_creating.py
@@ -32,9 +32,8 @@ def test_creating_comment(test_ctx, fake_datetime):
     assert result['comment']['text'] == 'input'
     assert 'id' in result['comment']
     assert 'user' in result['comment']
-    assert 'post' in result['comment']
     assert 'name' in result['comment']['user']
-    assert 'id' in result['comment']['post']
+    assert 'postId' in result['comment']
     comment = db.session.query(db.Comment).one()
     assert comment.text == 'input'
     assert comment.creation_time == datetime.datetime(1997, 1, 1)
diff --git a/server/szurubooru/tests/api/test_comment_retrieving.py b/server/szurubooru/tests/api/test_comment_retrieving.py
index 3d05696..5f70b42 100644
--- a/server/szurubooru/tests/api/test_comment_retrieving.py
+++ b/server/szurubooru/tests/api/test_comment_retrieving.py
@@ -60,8 +60,7 @@ def test_retrieving_single(test_ctx):
     assert 'text' in result['comment']
     assert 'user' in result['comment']
     assert 'name' in result['comment']['user']
-    assert 'post' in result['comment']
-    assert 'id' in result['comment']['post']
+    assert 'postId' in result['comment']
 
 def test_trying_to_retrieve_single_non_existing(test_ctx):
     with pytest.raises(comments.CommentNotFoundError):
diff --git a/server/szurubooru/tests/api/test_post_creating.py b/server/szurubooru/tests/api/test_post_creating.py
index 7f1593f..d049a6b 100644
--- a/server/szurubooru/tests/api/test_post_creating.py
+++ b/server/szurubooru/tests/api/test_post_creating.py
@@ -25,12 +25,12 @@ def test_creating_minimal_posts(
         unittest.mock.patch('szurubooru.func.posts.update_post_notes'), \
         unittest.mock.patch('szurubooru.func.posts.update_post_flags'), \
         unittest.mock.patch('szurubooru.func.posts.update_post_thumbnail'), \
-        unittest.mock.patch('szurubooru.func.posts.serialize_post_with_details'), \
+        unittest.mock.patch('szurubooru.func.posts.serialize_post'), \
         unittest.mock.patch('szurubooru.func.tags.export_to_json'), \
         unittest.mock.patch('szurubooru.func.snapshots.save_entity_creation'):
 
         posts.create_post.return_value = post
-        posts.serialize_post_with_details.return_value = 'serialized post'
+        posts.serialize_post.return_value = 'serialized post'
 
         result = api.PostListApi().post(
             context_factory(
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ def test_creating_minimal_posts(
                 },
                 user=auth_user))
 
-        assert result == 'serialized post'
+        assert result == {'post': 'serialized post'}
         posts.create_post.assert_called_once_with(
             'post-content', ['tag1', 'tag2'], auth_user)
         posts.update_post_thumbnail.assert_called_once_with(post, 'post-thumbnail')
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ def test_creating_minimal_posts(
         posts.update_post_notes.assert_called_once_with(post, [])
         posts.update_post_flags.assert_called_once_with(post, [])
         posts.update_post_thumbnail.assert_called_once_with(post, 'post-thumbnail')
-        posts.serialize_post_with_details.assert_called_once_with(post, auth_user)
+        posts.serialize_post.assert_called_once_with(post, auth_user)
         tags.export_to_json.assert_called_once_with()
         snapshots.save_entity_creation.assert_called_once_with(post, auth_user)
 
@@ -70,12 +70,12 @@ def test_creating_full_posts(context_factory, post_factory, user_factory):
         unittest.mock.patch('szurubooru.func.posts.update_post_relations'), \
         unittest.mock.patch('szurubooru.func.posts.update_post_notes'), \
         unittest.mock.patch('szurubooru.func.posts.update_post_flags'), \
-        unittest.mock.patch('szurubooru.func.posts.serialize_post_with_details'), \
+        unittest.mock.patch('szurubooru.func.posts.serialize_post'), \
         unittest.mock.patch('szurubooru.func.tags.export_to_json'), \
         unittest.mock.patch('szurubooru.func.snapshots.save_entity_creation'):
 
         posts.create_post.return_value = post
-        posts.serialize_post_with_details.return_value = 'serialized post'
+        posts.serialize_post.return_value = 'serialized post'
 
         result = api.PostListApi().post(
             context_factory(
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ def test_creating_full_posts(context_factory, post_factory, user_factory):
                 },
                 user=auth_user))
 
-        assert result == 'serialized post'
+        assert result == {'post': 'serialized post'}
         posts.create_post.assert_called_once_with(
             'post-content', ['tag1', 'tag2'], auth_user)
         posts.update_post_safety.assert_called_once_with(post, 'safe')
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ def test_creating_full_posts(context_factory, post_factory, user_factory):
         posts.update_post_relations.assert_called_once_with(post, [1, 2])
         posts.update_post_notes.assert_called_once_with(post, ['note1', 'note2'])
         posts.update_post_flags.assert_called_once_with(post, ['flag1', 'flag2'])
-        posts.serialize_post_with_details.assert_called_once_with(post, auth_user)
+        posts.serialize_post.assert_called_once_with(post, auth_user)
         tags.export_to_json.assert_called_once_with()
         snapshots.save_entity_creation.assert_called_once_with(post, auth_user)
 
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ def test_creating_from_url_saves_source(
     with unittest.mock.patch('szurubooru.func.net.download'), \
         unittest.mock.patch('szurubooru.func.tags.export_to_json'), \
         unittest.mock.patch('szurubooru.func.snapshots.save_entity_creation'), \
-        unittest.mock.patch('szurubooru.func.posts.serialize_post_with_details'), \
+        unittest.mock.patch('szurubooru.func.posts.serialize_post'), \
         unittest.mock.patch('szurubooru.func.posts.create_post'), \
         unittest.mock.patch('szurubooru.func.posts.update_post_source'):
         config_injector({
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ def test_creating_from_url_with_source_specified(
     with unittest.mock.patch('szurubooru.func.net.download'), \
         unittest.mock.patch('szurubooru.func.tags.export_to_json'), \
         unittest.mock.patch('szurubooru.func.snapshots.save_entity_creation'), \
-        unittest.mock.patch('szurubooru.func.posts.serialize_post_with_details'), \
+        unittest.mock.patch('szurubooru.func.posts.serialize_post'), \
         unittest.mock.patch('szurubooru.func.posts.create_post'), \
         unittest.mock.patch('szurubooru.func.posts.update_post_source'):
         config_injector({
diff --git a/server/szurubooru/tests/api/test_post_featuring.py b/server/szurubooru/tests/api/test_post_featuring.py
index ecd145f..ad56e58 100644
--- a/server/szurubooru/tests/api/test_post_featuring.py
+++ b/server/szurubooru/tests/api/test_post_featuring.py
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ def test_no_featured_post(test_ctx):
     result = test_ctx.api.get(
         test_ctx.context_factory(
             user=test_ctx.user_factory(rank=db.User.RANK_REGULAR)))
-    assert result == {'post': None, 'snapshots': [], 'comments': []}
+    assert result == {'post': None}
 
 def test_featuring(test_ctx):
     db.session.add(test_ctx.post_factory(id=1))
@@ -41,15 +41,15 @@ def test_featuring(test_ctx):
     assert posts.get_post_by_id(1).is_featured
     assert 'post' in result
     assert 'id' in result['post']
-    assert 'snapshots' in result
-    assert 'comments' in result
+    assert 'snapshots' in result['post']
+    assert 'comments' in result['post']
     result = test_ctx.api.get(
         test_ctx.context_factory(
             user=test_ctx.user_factory(rank=db.User.RANK_REGULAR)))
     assert 'post' in result
     assert 'id' in result['post']
-    assert 'snapshots' in result
-    assert 'comments' in result
+    assert 'snapshots' in result['post']
+    assert 'comments' in result['post']
 
 def test_trying_to_feature_the_same_post_twice(test_ctx):
     db.session.add(test_ctx.post_factory(id=1))
diff --git a/server/szurubooru/tests/api/test_post_retrieving.py b/server/szurubooru/tests/api/test_post_retrieving.py
index deda634..3ceff64 100644
--- a/server/szurubooru/tests/api/test_post_retrieving.py
+++ b/server/szurubooru/tests/api/test_post_retrieving.py
@@ -81,8 +81,8 @@ def test_retrieving_single(test_ctx):
             user=test_ctx.user_factory(rank=db.User.RANK_REGULAR)), 1)
     assert 'post' in result
     assert 'id' in result['post']
-    assert 'snapshots' in result
-    assert 'comments' in result
+    assert 'snapshots' in result['post']
+    assert 'comments' in result['post']
 
 def test_trying_to_retrieve_single_non_existing(test_ctx):
     with pytest.raises(posts.PostNotFoundError):
diff --git a/server/szurubooru/tests/api/test_post_updating.py b/server/szurubooru/tests/api/test_post_updating.py
index 25b2b6b..7f1b425 100644
--- a/server/szurubooru/tests/api/test_post_updating.py
+++ b/server/szurubooru/tests/api/test_post_updating.py
@@ -33,11 +33,11 @@ def test_post_updating(
         unittest.mock.patch('szurubooru.func.posts.update_post_relations'), \
         unittest.mock.patch('szurubooru.func.posts.update_post_notes'), \
         unittest.mock.patch('szurubooru.func.posts.update_post_flags'), \
-        unittest.mock.patch('szurubooru.func.posts.serialize_post_with_details'), \
+        unittest.mock.patch('szurubooru.func.posts.serialize_post'), \
         unittest.mock.patch('szurubooru.func.tags.export_to_json'), \
         unittest.mock.patch('szurubooru.func.snapshots.save_entity_modification'):
 
-        posts.serialize_post_with_details.return_value = 'serialized post'
+        posts.serialize_post.return_value = 'serialized post'
 
         with fake_datetime('1997-01-01'):
             result = api.PostDetailApi().put(
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ def test_post_updating(
                     user=auth_user),
                 post.post_id)
 
-        assert result == 'serialized post'
+        assert result == {'post': 'serialized post'}
         posts.create_post.assert_not_called()
         posts.update_post_tags.assert_called_once_with(post, ['tag1', 'tag2'])
         posts.update_post_content.assert_called_once_with(post, 'post-content')
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ def test_post_updating(
         posts.update_post_relations.assert_called_once_with(post, [1, 2])
         posts.update_post_notes.assert_called_once_with(post, ['note1', 'note2'])
         posts.update_post_flags.assert_called_once_with(post, ['flag1', 'flag2'])
-        posts.serialize_post_with_details.assert_called_once_with(post, auth_user)
+        posts.serialize_post.assert_called_once_with(post, auth_user)
         tags.export_to_json.assert_called_once_with()
         snapshots.save_entity_modification.assert_called_once_with(post, auth_user)
         assert post.last_edit_time == datetime.datetime(1997, 1, 1)
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ def test_uploading_from_url_saves_source(
     with unittest.mock.patch('szurubooru.func.net.download'), \
         unittest.mock.patch('szurubooru.func.tags.export_to_json'), \
         unittest.mock.patch('szurubooru.func.snapshots.save_entity_modification'), \
-        unittest.mock.patch('szurubooru.func.posts.serialize_post_with_details'), \
+        unittest.mock.patch('szurubooru.func.posts.serialize_post'), \
         unittest.mock.patch('szurubooru.func.posts.update_post_content'), \
         unittest.mock.patch('szurubooru.func.posts.update_post_source'):
         net.download.return_value = b'content'
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ def test_uploading_from_url_with_source_specified(
     with unittest.mock.patch('szurubooru.func.net.download'), \
         unittest.mock.patch('szurubooru.func.tags.export_to_json'), \
         unittest.mock.patch('szurubooru.func.snapshots.save_entity_modification'), \
-        unittest.mock.patch('szurubooru.func.posts.serialize_post_with_details'), \
+        unittest.mock.patch('szurubooru.func.posts.serialize_post'), \
         unittest.mock.patch('szurubooru.func.posts.update_post_content'), \
         unittest.mock.patch('szurubooru.func.posts.update_post_source'):
         net.download.return_value = b'content'
diff --git a/server/szurubooru/tests/api/test_tag_category_creating.py b/server/szurubooru/tests/api/test_tag_category_creating.py
index a16b5f9..dc43bf8 100644
--- a/server/szurubooru/tests/api/test_tag_category_creating.py
+++ b/server/szurubooru/tests/api/test_tag_category_creating.py
@@ -21,13 +21,14 @@ def test_creating_category(test_ctx):
         test_ctx.context_factory(
             input={'name': 'meta', 'color': 'black'},
             user=test_ctx.user_factory(rank=db.User.RANK_REGULAR)))
+    assert len(result['tagCategory']['snapshots']) == 1
+    del result['tagCategory']['snapshots']
     assert result['tagCategory'] == {
         'name': 'meta',
         'color': 'black',
         'usages': 0,
         'default': True,
     }
-    assert len(result['snapshots']) == 1
     category = db.session.query(db.TagCategory).one()
     assert category.name == 'meta'
     assert category.color == 'black'
diff --git a/server/szurubooru/tests/api/test_tag_category_retrieving.py b/server/szurubooru/tests/api/test_tag_category_retrieving.py
index 3dcdc40..5353754 100644
--- a/server/szurubooru/tests/api/test_tag_category_retrieving.py
+++ b/server/szurubooru/tests/api/test_tag_category_retrieving.py
@@ -43,8 +43,8 @@ def test_retrieving_single(test_ctx):
             'color': 'dummy',
             'usages': 0,
             'default': False,
+            'snapshots': [],
         },
-        'snapshots': [],
     }
 
 def test_trying_to_retrieve_single_non_existing(test_ctx):
diff --git a/server/szurubooru/tests/api/test_tag_category_updating.py b/server/szurubooru/tests/api/test_tag_category_updating.py
index b6e373b..7ff8bb4 100644
--- a/server/szurubooru/tests/api/test_tag_category_updating.py
+++ b/server/szurubooru/tests/api/test_tag_category_updating.py
@@ -37,13 +37,14 @@ def test_simple_updating(test_ctx):
             },
             user=test_ctx.user_factory(rank=db.User.RANK_REGULAR)),
         'name')
+    assert len(result['tagCategory']['snapshots']) == 1
+    del result['tagCategory']['snapshots']
     assert result['tagCategory'] == {
         'name': 'changed',
         'color': 'white',
         'usages': 0,
         'default': False,
     }
-    assert len(result['snapshots']) == 1
     assert tag_categories.try_get_category_by_name('name') is None
     category = tag_categories.get_category_by_name('changed')
     assert category is not None
diff --git a/server/szurubooru/tests/api/test_tag_creating.py b/server/szurubooru/tests/api/test_tag_creating.py
index e758f91..e2dec09 100644
--- a/server/szurubooru/tests/api/test_tag_creating.py
+++ b/server/szurubooru/tests/api/test_tag_creating.py
@@ -38,6 +38,8 @@ def test_creating_simple_tags(test_ctx, fake_datetime):
                     'implications': [],
                 },
                 user=test_ctx.user_factory(rank=db.User.RANK_REGULAR)))
+    assert len(result['tag']['snapshots']) == 1
+    del result['tag']['snapshots']
     assert result['tag'] == {
         'names': ['tag1', 'tag2'],
         'category': 'meta',
@@ -47,7 +49,6 @@ def test_creating_simple_tags(test_ctx, fake_datetime):
         'lastEditTime': None,
         'usages': 0,
     }
-    assert len(result['snapshots']) == 1
     tag = tags.get_tag_by_name('tag1')
     assert [tag_name.name for tag_name in tag.names] == ['tag1', 'tag2']
     assert tag.category.name == 'meta'
diff --git a/server/szurubooru/tests/api/test_tag_merging.py b/server/szurubooru/tests/api/test_tag_merging.py
index 5f02353..39c79e4 100644
--- a/server/szurubooru/tests/api/test_tag_merging.py
+++ b/server/szurubooru/tests/api/test_tag_merging.py
@@ -33,6 +33,8 @@ def test_merging_without_usages(test_ctx, fake_datetime):
                     'mergeTo': 'target',
                 },
                 user=test_ctx.user_factory(rank=db.User.RANK_REGULAR)))
+    assert 'snapshots' in result['tag']
+    del result['tag']['snapshots']
     assert result['tag'] == {
         'names': ['target'],
         'category': 'meta',
@@ -42,7 +44,6 @@ def test_merging_without_usages(test_ctx, fake_datetime):
         'lastEditTime': None,
         'usages': 0,
     }
-    assert 'snapshots' in result
     assert tags.try_get_tag_by_name('source') is None
     tag = tags.get_tag_by_name('target')
     assert tag is not None
diff --git a/server/szurubooru/tests/api/test_tag_retrieving.py b/server/szurubooru/tests/api/test_tag_retrieving.py
index 98e7ee8..d475019 100644
--- a/server/szurubooru/tests/api/test_tag_retrieving.py
+++ b/server/szurubooru/tests/api/test_tag_retrieving.py
@@ -56,8 +56,8 @@ def test_retrieving_single(test_ctx):
             'suggestions': [],
             'implications': [],
             'usages': 0,
+            'snapshots': [],
         },
-        'snapshots': [],
     }
 
 def test_trying_to_retrieve_single_non_existing(test_ctx):
diff --git a/server/szurubooru/tests/api/test_tag_updating.py b/server/szurubooru/tests/api/test_tag_updating.py
index d94a033..9647d21 100644
--- a/server/szurubooru/tests/api/test_tag_updating.py
+++ b/server/szurubooru/tests/api/test_tag_updating.py
@@ -46,6 +46,8 @@ def test_simple_updating(test_ctx, fake_datetime):
                 },
                 user=test_ctx.user_factory(rank=db.User.RANK_REGULAR)),
             'tag1')
+    assert len(result['tag']['snapshots']) == 1
+    del result['tag']['snapshots']
     assert result['tag'] == {
         'names': ['tag3'],
         'category': 'character',
@@ -55,7 +57,6 @@ def test_simple_updating(test_ctx, fake_datetime):
         'lastEditTime': datetime.datetime(1997, 12, 1),
         'usages': 0,
     }
-    assert len(result['snapshots']) == 1
     assert tags.try_get_tag_by_name('tag1') is None
     assert tags.try_get_tag_by_name('tag2') is None
     tag = tags.get_tag_by_name('tag3')
diff --git a/server/szurubooru/tests/api/test_user_retrieving.py b/server/szurubooru/tests/api/test_user_retrieving.py
index 707f170..8ad39b2 100644
--- a/server/szurubooru/tests/api/test_user_retrieving.py
+++ b/server/szurubooru/tests/api/test_user_retrieving.py
@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ def test_retrieving_single(test_ctx):
             'avatarStyle': 'gravatar',
             'avatarUrl': 'http://gravatar.com/avatar/' +
                 '275876e34cf609db118f3d84b799a790?d=retro&s=200',
+            'email': False,
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/server/szurubooru/tests/func/test_posts.py b/server/szurubooru/tests/func/test_posts.py
index 5d131b6..4d45a97 100644
--- a/server/szurubooru/tests/func/test_posts.py
+++ b/server/szurubooru/tests/func/test_posts.py
@@ -64,11 +64,17 @@ def test_serialize_note():
 def test_serialize_empty_post():
     assert posts.serialize_post(None, None) is None
 
-def test_serialize_post(post_factory, user_factory, tag_factory, config_injector):
+def test_serialize_post(
+        post_factory, user_factory, comment_factory, tag_factory, config_injector):
     config_injector({'data_url': 'http://example.com/'})
-    with unittest.mock.patch('szurubooru.func.users.serialize_user'), \
-        unittest.mock.patch('szurubooru.func.posts.files.has', return_value=True):
+    with unittest.mock.patch('szurubooru.func.comments.serialize_comment'), \
+            unittest.mock.patch('szurubooru.func.users.serialize_user'), \
+            unittest.mock.patch('szurubooru.func.posts.files.has', return_value=True), \
+            unittest.mock.patch('szurubooru.func.snapshots.get_serialized_history'):
         users.serialize_user.side_effect = lambda user, auth_user: user.name
+        comments.serialize_comment.side_effect \
+            = lambda comment, auth_user: comment.user.name
+        snapshots.get_serialized_history.return_value = 'snapshot history'
 
         auth_user = user_factory(name='auth user')
         post = db.Post()
@@ -90,6 +96,11 @@ def test_serialize_post(post_factory, user_factory, tag_factory, config_injector
         post.canvas_height = 300
         post.flags = ['loop']
         db.session.add(post)
+        post.comments = [
+            comment_factory(user=user_factory(name='commenter1')),
+            comment_factory(user=user_factory(name='commenter2')),
+        ]
+
         db.session.flush()
         db.session.add_all([
             db.PostFavorite(
@@ -144,31 +155,6 @@ def test_serialize_post(post_factory, user_factory, tag_factory, config_injector
         'favoritedBy': ['fav1'],
         'hasCustomThumbnail': True,
         'mimeType': 'image/jpeg',
-    }
-
-def test_serialize_post_with_details(post_factory, comment_factory, user_factory):
-    with unittest.mock.patch('szurubooru.func.comments.serialize_comment'), \
-        unittest.mock.patch('szurubooru.func.snapshots.get_serialized_history'), \
-        unittest.mock.patch('szurubooru.func.posts.serialize_post'):
-        comments.serialize_comment.side_effect \
-            = lambda comment, auth_user: comment.user.name
-        posts.serialize_post.side_effect \
-            = lambda post, auth_user: post.post_id
-        snapshots.get_serialized_history.return_value = 'snapshot history'
-
-        auth_user = user_factory(name='auth user')
-        post = post_factory()
-        post.comments = [
-            comment_factory(user=user_factory(name='commenter1')),
-            comment_factory(user=user_factory(name='commenter2')),
-        ]
-        db.session.add(post)
-        db.session.flush()
-
-        result = posts.serialize_post_with_details(post, auth_user)
-
-    assert result == {
-        'post': post.post_id,
         'snapshots': 'snapshot history',
         'comments': ['commenter1', 'commenter2'],
     }